Heater.



F. D. SCHNEIDER.

HEATER.

APPLICATION FILED APR.13, 1912.

1,077,761 Patented Nov. 4, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

{ ZW I 2 COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH c0, WASHINGTON. D. c,

F. D. SCHNEIDER.

HEATER.

APPLICATION FILED APB.13, 1912.

1,077,761. Patented Nov. 4, 1913.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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Specification of Lettrs Patent.

PateiitedNov. 4;, 1913.

Application .filedApril 13, 1912. Serial No. 690,489.

TO CZZZfwh-OWL iii-may concern Be it known that I, Fnnonnron. D. SCHNEI-DER, a citizen of the United States, resident of Bedford, county ofCuyahoga, and- State of Ohio,have invented a new and useful Im provementin I-Ieaters, of which the follow ing is a specification, the principleof the invention being, herein explained and the best mode in which Ihave contemplated applyingthat principle,so as to distinguish it fromother inventions.

The invention upon which this application is based has reference toheaters, while more particularly to a heater embracing such preferredstructural elements as will together originate a single eflicient unitpurposed to carry out the method of utilizing heat set forth in my mostrecent application, Serial Number 687 ,6 l9 filed April 1, 1912.

The said invention consists of. means which are hereinafter fullydescribed and particularly pointed out in the claims.

The annexed drawing and the following description set forth in, detailcertain means embodying my means, however, various mechanical formsinwhich the principle of my invention may be'applied.

lVith reference to the drawings in which like characters of referencedesignate like parts throughoutthe several v ews these are nowenumerated inlogical sequence as follows:

Figure I is an end View of a heater embodying the invention. Fig. IIis-a similar view of a plurality ofsuch heaters arranged:

in series. Fig. III is an elevation showing a heater embodying as aclosed-circuit-systemwith a hot water tank, and corresponding with Fig.II of said method application. Fig. IV is a perspective of my heaterproper with certain parts removed. Fig. V is a partial top plan of Fig.ment. Fig. V I is a section on line VI-VI of Fig. I lookingin adirection nearly opposite to that from which Fig. IV is presented, andcorresponds, but for slight modifications, with Fig. V of my methodapplication above referred to. Fig, VII is a full section on lineVIIV'I'I of Fig. VI looking in the direction of the indicating arrows.

Fig. VIII is a similar section taken on line VIII-VIII of Fig. VI in thesame direction of vision. Fi IX is a like section on invention, thedisclosed constituting but one of my invention connected 5 IIdisclosinga mode of attachline I-XIX looking in the opposite direction. Fig. X isagain. a full section on line X-X of Fig. VI looking downwardly. Fig. XIis the sectional view on line XIXI of Fig. VI likewise lookingclownwardly as suggested by the arrows. Fig. XII is a section similar tothose described in the two previous views taken on this line XIIXII ofFig. VI; Fig. XIII is a partial perspective of the end through which thesection corresponding to Fig. IX-IX is taken, showin some outermostmembers removed. Fig. [IV is a view after the manner of the one lastdescribed of the opposite end.

I choose to removably mount my heater through the medium of the. endfaces of its rectangular casing A between four similar standards A, A AA For this purpose the lower corners a of. the casing A arecomplementarily fitted with the upper eX- t-remities of the standards assuggested in Figs. II and IV. Theremovable connection may be. readilyeffected by means of bolts a and nuts a Thecasing A except for twolateral plates 05* is formed of a single in.- tegral casting. Itisclosed save for a lower draft opening a, an upper flue opening a, thecold water inlet a and the hot water outleta and such other openings asit may occasionally become desirable to expose, but

of which mention will later be made, their differing purposes, beinglikely to be then better understood. A suitable stack a is mounted overthe flue opening a while a cold water inlet pipe a communicates with theinlet a? through. a To, and a pipe o communicates directly with the hotwater outleta and all of which are well shown in Fig. VI. The top of thecasing is as shown provided with a central longitudinal rib (L13 andthree centrally disposed transverse. ribs a a? a each of which intersectthe former as clearly seen in Figs. III and IV. Each of the two portionsof the rib a that lie between the central rib (r and the outer ribs aand a are provided with an opening, both designated as a; Furthermorethe lower lateral sides are provided with 'a plurality of suitablythough correspondingly disposed openings all referred to as a.

As should now be apparent the possibility is afforded of; assembling anynumber of respectiveinlets and outlets have a common ccnnnunication orare distinct and separate, and moreover without a requirement ofadditional standards. Specifically the end heaters are mounted each upona pair of standards, whereas the intermediary supportii is efiectedabove, through the openings a by means of staggeringly disposed nuts andshortdength belts together styled a and purposely disclosed in Fig. V;and below in turn, through the openings a by means of other smallerbolts and nuts designated in pairs as (11 In this manner the seriesarrangement is facilitated in that a multiple number of heaters may beaccommodated without a requirement either for bolts of various lengthsor added corner supports.

The casing A supports near its bottom in any approved manner anelongated gas burner B having in this instance a triple row of perforatejets 5 outlined very clearly in Figs. VI, VII, and IX. The burner B hasattached to it exteriorly of the heater any type of control valve 6 bestadapted to the requirements and this latter in turn connects with thesource of fuel. A triangular lighter door (4 covered with mica ispivo-tally mounted over an opening not shown though preferablypositioned in that end adjacent the valve 6 and just above the line ofjets b in order that the flame may be seen. A pair of limiting stops (1,and (L23 are seen to control the range of movement of the door a in bothdirections.

The complete interior construction of any heater is formed as anintegral casting C and as such constitutes the two end faces of theexterior casing considered as an entirety. This casting G comprises asto that major portion which is confined by its own top 0 and end walls 0and 0 those several elements which by reason of their formation andgeneral positioning each with respect to the other, determine the courseof the water through the heater, and in so far involve the essence of myinventive conception in its relations to the efliciency claimed. 7 r

The casting C is best seen as an entirety in the perspective viewrepresented by Fig. IV. It comprises interior-1y of the top 0 and endwalls 0 0 a series of six longitudinally inclined water passages formingalternate portions of the entire length of conduit disposed within theheater. The number is wholly arbitrary. These passages are designated as0 0 0 0 c and c not in the order of proximity to either the top orbottom, but in the order respectively in which a given incoming moleculeof water is compelled as will later appear, to serially traverse them.Of these passages c c and c are identical as appears in the threesectional views marked as Figs. VII, IX,

and XII. An inspection of these views together with Fig. TV disclosesthem to be of full width, shallow and with those ends adjacent the wall0 converging laterally toward the center. The smallest area of openingof these converging portions is partially seen in Figs. VIII and XIV.Two of the remaining alternate passages namely 0 and c are in turnidentical and as appears in the two sectional views indicated as Figs.VII and X. Directing notice to these views and also Fig. IV it will beseen that they correspond precisely in dimension but are reversed so asto have opposite ends converging laterally, adjacent the wall 0 Suchopposite ends are most apparent in respect to area of opening in Figs.IX and XIII. The last of the passages to be considered namely c is ofdecidedly different configuration by reason in part of being disposednearest the source of heat. The shape of this passage is best revealedin Fig. VII though Figs. IX, XIII, and XIV also nicely show its relationto the burner B. Strictly it is a bifurcated channel of considerablydeeper volume. The bottom is low enough to partially-inclose the flamesof the'burner and hence fulfil the benefits to be expected of a waterjacket construction. The middle bifurcation is both to permit alessening of the distance required between it and the burner and toinsure a better draftand hence incipient upward travel of the gaseouselements. Proceeding further with the consideration of the casting C itwill be seen formed interiorly with intermediary and uecidedly differentupright end partitions 0 and 0 preferably each integral witn the severalpassages and each spaced a like distance from the end walls 0 and 0respectively. The partition 0 is provided with alternately differentopenings corresponding and registering respectively, by reason of theintegral structural relationship, with the similarly different endopenings of the six passages extending across from it to the other. Thiscommunication is manifested clearly in Figs. IX and XIII. The explicitdescription of the partition 0 will be deferred because the object inhaving it differ from the partition 66 will hereafter be more preciselycomprehended. The casting C is fur thermo-re provided between the wall aand partition 0 with a plurality of substantially horizontal full widthpartitions each designated as C and located just above the near endopenings of the passages 0*, c and 0". These partitions 0 formconjunctively with the wall c and the partition 0 two end water jacketsas is most readily apparent in Fig. VI. The other end of the casting isprovided with but two half width partitions each 0 likewisesubstantially horizontal. and forming in conjunction with the wall 0 thehalf width partition 0 and a further pair of differing partition membersto the forthwith described, two water jacket chambers of about half thecapacity of those at alternate heights at the oppositeend. As thefurther differentiation intimated this end of the casting C is formedwith a transverse upright partition 0 positioned midway laterally andextending from the top 0 downwardly as far as the bottom of the upperend of the passage 0 As separately considered the partition 0 makes anintegral angular corner with the half width partition 0. As is clearlydepicted in both Fig. VIII and Fig. XIV the partition 0 is bent aside ateach end of the upper four passage openings between its extremities inorder not to constrict their discharge areas. Finally however oppositethe fifth passage opening namely that one which communicates with thepassage 0 it is bent aside in an opposite direction as also seen inFigs. VIII and XIV. Here it joins with still another horizontalpartition member 0 which later completes with it and the lower of thetwo other horizontal partitions a zigzag formation when viewed in crosssection. The member 0 also forms in conjunction jointly with the member0 and partition 0 an elongated half width water-jacket chamber seenequally well in Figs. VIII, X, XI, and XIV. It is with this otherwiseclosed water-jacket chamber 0 that the outlet opening of the passage 0communicates. The constricted cross sectional area of the dischargeopening of the passage 0 is best disclosed in the two last mentionedfigures. By reason moreover of this specific relative formation of thepartition members adja' cent the end wall 0 a free fall down to lowerend opening of the passage a is assured.

A concluding cognizance of the detailed parts of the casting C disclosesthe end walls 0 and 0 provided with a plurality of, and in the case ofthe exemplification arbitrarily adopted respectively six and seven screwthreaded openings each designated as 0 Closing these openings at alltimes when the ieater is in operation are a corresponding number ofcomplementarily threaded plugs 0 having exteriorly projecting portionssquared. The openings 0 are located each opposite an end inlet ordischarge opening of one of the passages. As will now have been readilyanticipated these openings and plugs are in fact a means for permittingdirect access to the passage whenever it may prove desirable to cleansethem. That plug which is to be seated in the upper of the openings inthe end wall 0 is preferably the pipe T a earlier mentioned with ahorizontal extremity closed by a nut and an upper extremity connectedwith the cold water supply pipe 0 This common device is best seen inFig. VI. The top a of the casting is provided above the waterjacketchamber 0 with an opening 0 in di rect communication with such chamberand it is through this opening that the hottest water issues on itsfinal upward flow through the chamber 0 preparatory to entrance into theoutlet pipe a. This specific outlet is the only outlet from the heaterproper. It is most clearly seen in Fig. VIII.

It is here evidenced that when heaters embodying my invention areemployed in series as previously explained, each of their flue openingsmay be feasibly connected with tributaries of a common stack and rathersimilarly their burners may not necessarily be themselves arranged inseries, rather burners of various lengths provided, which shall haveintermittent jet sections spaced so as to be accommodated withinrespective lengths of the combined heaters required.

The operation of a heater embodying my invention is then as follows:Considering first the course prescribed by the gases of combustion, acloser inspection of Figs. IV, XII, XI, and X in the order here givenand a noting of the course in part preindicated by the arrows in Fig. VIreveals a sinuous or more exactly a zig-zag course which is not in andof itself uncommon to the art, except in so far as its direction oftravel is at certain points opposite to that followed by the water. Uponrising from the burner the gases pass up through a rectangular openingoccasioned by the longi tudinal bifurcation of the passage a and bestseen in Fig. XII. Meanwhile the lowermost section of the partition 0 andthe under face of the passage 0 serve as baffle plates being inclosed asalready made clear by the lateral plates at. of gases so baffled findsits only exit up through the two triangular openings at the upper end ofthe passage 0 and which are perfectly illustrated in Fig. XI.'Continuing their upward procession the gases are successively baffledby a section of the partition 0 jointly with the passage 0 by a sectionof the partition 0 jointly with the same under surface of the samepassage namely 0 then emerge up through the pair of triangular openingsadjacent each side of the upper end of the same passage 0 as depicted byFig. X, are next similarly baffled by the joint closure effected by thepartition 0 and the under side of the passage 0 and so successively passin similar wise though in alternately different directionslongitudinally along the under sides of the passages 0, 0 and 0 andlastly along the inner surface of the top 0 through the flue a on intothestack a. This prescribed travel of the gases of combustion isintended to guarantee not only a maximum time of The rising columnscribed by the close fitting lateral plates a I travel through theheater and distance of duit contact, and including the ends always andthe sides as well whenset up 111a latorally contiguous series.

Recalling that itis the determination of the relative direction of flow,that the water shall follow through various portions of the waterconduit contrived within t-h heated zone, which embraces the theoreticalas contradistinguished from the structural novelty ofthis invention,attention is particularly directed to Figs. Vi to XIV. The cold waterinlet a indicated above communicates first with the upper of the twosuperposed half width water-jacket chambers seen nicely in Figs. VI,VIII, and XIV. Assuming this up er water-jacket chamber or pocket tohave already become filled and to have already absorbed heat units of aresidual character, one noticesits only available outlet to be throughthe uppe unost pas sage 0. its comparatively shallow diituion isobviously progressively downward to maintain the upper of the full widthwater-jacket chambers in the opposite end, full; to overflow andcontinue progressively downward through the passage 0 to till next, thelower of the two half width waterjaclret chambers formed in part by the.wall 0 and thereafter to successively move through the passage c; tofill the u iddle of the full width wateracket chambers adjacent the wall'0 to traverse the passage 0 to suddenly drop from the latters lessconstricted opening-seen in Figs. VH1 and 375V; toenter the b furcatedpassage a at the very bottom, that is immediately over the burner; andto then have imparted.

to it its forceful upward propulsion due to the inordinateexpansion; 0rise up through the lowest wateracket chamber adjacent the wall 0 asindicated by the arrows in Fig. Fill; and finally to be impelled alongthe lasttraversed passage 0 across the irregular and lowermost ofthwater-jacket chambers adjacent the wall 0 through the constrictedopening seen in Figs. V and XIV to be ejected up through the chamber 0as earlier stated.

As a succinct summary it may be stated that the water passes at firstprogressively downward within a residually heated zone and toward thesource of heat, then by preference th ugh not necessarily suddenlydownward into closest proximity with the source of heat, and finallyprogressively upward away ire-m the source of heat. Mention should herebe tersely made of the e tablished fact hat the relative distance rel-dby the water throughout the three tinctly different directions hasapparently pr noun ed effect on the operation other no than as it altersthe degree of etliciency.

By having the cold water enter above, the maximum per cent. of heatunits are extracted from the heating elements just prior to theirentrance into the stack as waste, and this successful reversal of flowfrom tablished in heaters generally known to-day is not accomplished. asit has been hereto fore with the dominating assistance of extraneouspressure, but wholly by reason of the varying apportionment of theintensity of theheat applied at relatively specific points along theconduit disposedavithin the heaterproper. For the elucidation of thiscircumstance which makes apparently inoperable heater, operable as apart 3 or" a closed-circuit-system, consideration of Fig. III isadvised. As remarhed'in the first identification of the, various figuresthis View represents my heater proper connected in the well known mannerwith a hotwater tank D, the cold water inlet communicating by means ofthe pipe (4 with the bottom, while the hot water outletcommunicates withthe top of such tank. The connection with the tank D on tl e part of theextraneous source of supply or pressure main is effected through the topand by agency of the pipe (2 which extends preferablyto within a shortdistance of the bottom, connected preferably through the same T as isthe outlet pipe a, is a pipe Z which leads tothe faucet. As should bereadily under toodby those sufiiciently skilled in the art, anyestablished pressure actually exerted in the pipe (Z is dissipated whenexerted upon the contents within the tank I) to such an extent that thesame measure of flow would not circulate through a heater embodying myinvention but follow the more direct route directly up through the tank.Therefore the assistance of pressure heretofore required to cause waterto travel downwardl toward the source of heat is 3 not invoked, and itis this avoidac which difierentiates my heater from the prior art. It isonl when the heat is ap lied and hence a heated zone estaohsned hav1nthe described intensity. of contactual relationship with specificsections or" the conduit disposed within the heated zone, that theenforced circulation desired. commences. A contiguous relationship, tobe exact, with an intervening conductor of heat such that theapplication of heat be adjusted to produce an upward fiow of sufficientforce to draw the water downwardly as sougnt and as will insure theattainment of the greatest possible eiiiciency.

Having now fully described'myinrention, what I claim desne t LettersPatent is:

l. A heater comprising a member forming downwardly and upwardly inclinedzig-zag water passages and a subs tially straight interjacent sectionconnecting the lower that escsecure by j openings of said passages, apair of members forming in conjunction with said first mentioned membera zig-zag flue passage, and heating means connnunicating below with saidflue passage and'disposed adjacent the upwardly inclined of said waterpassages.

2. A water heater comprising a member having a plurality of waterpassages in-series communication with each other, means adjacent saidmember and forming in conjunction therewith devious passage for theygases of combustion, said water being caused to travel successively in adirection opposed and corresponding to that traversed by the gases.

3. A water heater comprising an integral casting having a plurality ofseparate end and intermediately extending water passages in seriescommunication with each other, one of said passages being provided withan inlet opening, another of said pas sages being provided with anoutlet opening, means including plates for forming in conjunction withsaid casting a zig-zag flue passage between said water passages, andheating means in communication with said flue passage and intersectingthe lower of said water passages.

l. A. water heater comprising a casing, a plurality of superposed waterpassages alternately inclined in opposite directions therein, theproximate ends of a plurality of adjacent upper passages having seriescommunication each with another, the lower ends of two alternate lowerpassages having series communication with each other,

said casing and water passages forming together a single zig-zag fluepassage, and heating means below and in communication with said fluepassage.

5. In an apparatus for heating and causing the circulation of a fluid,a. closed endless conduit system which includes a zigzag passagecomprising elongated interja- ,ent portions and having a continuouslydownward direction from its inlet to its discharge end, a second zig-zagpassage comprising elongated interjacent portions located below thefirst and having a continuously upward direction from its inlet towardits out-let end, and a duct which connects the lower discharge end ofthe first mentioned passage and the lower intake end of the secondmentioned passage, heating means located below said passages, and anelongated inclosing casing which embraces said pas ages and heatingmeans, and forms in conjunction therewith a single zig-zag flue havingelongated interjacent portions through which the generated heat willflow upward in contact with said two passages, such elongatedinterjacent flue portions being interposed respectively between adjacent pairs of interjacent portions ofjsaid "said casing being fluidconduit whereby a maximum travel of the heat units is assured.

6-. A closedcircuit-system water heater comprising a casing, a zigszagwater conduit disposed therein and having adjacent sections inclined inreverse directions, a single zig-Zag flue conduit enveloping said firstmentioned conduit at alternately opposite ends, heating means disposedbelow and co-nmiunicatingwith said flue conduit, said water conduithaving a top inlet and lower outlet.

'7'. A water heater comprising the combination of a casing an elongatedmember inclosed by said casing and havin separate end chambers, and aplurality of zig-zag conduits having elongated interjacent portions,said conduits communicating with each other through one of saidchambers, the upper ends of said portions forming flue open ings inconjunction with said casin and heating means positioned below saidconduits.

8. A water heater comprising the combi-' nation of heating means, amember forming a plurality ofsuperposed zig-zag water conduitspositioned above said heating means, alternate portions of said conduitsbeing upwardly inclined in a given direction and tapered laterally attheir upper ends, interme diate portions being upwardly inclined in thereverse direction, and a member associated with said casting and formingin con junction therewith a Zig-Zag flue pass-age.

9. A water heater comprising the combination of heating means, a memberforming a plurality of superposed and upright zig- Zag water conduitsspaced above said heating means, said upper conduit having elongatedinterjacentportions tapered at their upper ends, and means forming incon unction with said member a zig-zag passage.

10. A water heater comprising a casing, a zigzag water conduit formingin con junction with said casing alternate end flueopenings, the bottomsection of said conduit being provided with a medial slot and heat-- ingmeans below said slot and communicating with said openings.

11'. A water heater comprising heating means, an elongated casing abovesaid heating means, a hollow Zig-Zag casting disposed in said casing andforming-1n con unct on therewith a correspondingly elongated zigzag fluepassage, the lowermost of said hollow sections being formed with acentral longitudinally extending slot and inclosing said heating means.

' 12. A water heater comprising heating means, a casing above saidheating means, provided inter orly wlth oppositely disposed water-jacketchambers, an inlet and an outlet communicating with dilterent chambers,and a plurality of in clined water conduits extending between saidchambers, said conduits forming in con junction with said casingopenings adjacent said chambers, said openings communicating with saidheating means.

13. A heater comprising a burner, an elongated casing above said burner,said casing being provided at each end with a plurality of water-jacketchambers, an inlet and an outlet communicating with different of saidchambers, and a plurality of oppositely inclined Water conduitscommunicating each with different pairs of said chambers, the upper endsof said conduits forming in conjunction with said casing openingsadjacent opposite of said chambers, said openings communicating withsaid heating means.

14. A water heater comprising an elon-.

gated casing, heating means below, and a member within said casingforming in conjunction therewith a zigzag flue passage having elongatedinterjacent portions in communication with said heating means, saidmember itself provided with separate end chambers and intermediarypassages connecting opposite pairs of said chambers, said memberfurthermore provided with water inlet and outlet openings communicatingwith different of said end chambers.

15. A water heater comprising the combination of a casing having aninlet and an outlet, upright partitions adjacent opposite sides of saidcasing and provided with openings, cross partitions interposedrespectively between said casing ends and upright partitions, said crosspartitions being located above alternate of said openings, a pluralityof ducts extending between said upright partitions and communicatingeach with a pair of said openings, said ducts forming in conjunctionwith said casing openings intermediately of said upright partitions, andheating means positioned below and communicating up through said lastmentioned openings.

16. A water heater comprising the com bination of an elongated casinghaving an upper inlet and lower outlet, upright partitions adjacentopposite ends of said casing and provided with a plurality ofalternately different sized openings, cross partitions interposedrespectively between said casing ends and upright partitions and formingchambers, said cross partitions being located above alternate of saidopenings, a plurality of fiat ducts extending at an inclination betweensaid upright partitions and communicating each with a pair of saidopenings, said ducts being beveled and forming in conjunction with saidcasing openings intermediately adjacent said upright partitions, andheating means positioned below and communicating up through said lastmentioned openings.

17. A water'heater comprising the combination of heating means, a memberforming a plurality of superposed zigzag water 0011- duits positionedabove said heating means, the bottom section of said lower conduit beingintersected by a longitudinally extending opening, each of the remainingsections of said conduits being intersected at their upper ends by anopening, and a pair of plates forming in conjunction with said openingsa single flue passage.

18. A heater comprising a member forming downwardly and upwardlyextending zigzag water passages and a duct connecting the lower openingsof said passages, an inclosing casing, and laterally projecting meansforming in conjunction with said member and casing a zig-zag fluepassage, and heating means communicating below with said flue passageand disposed adjacent the upwardly extending of said water passages.

19. A heater comprising a member forming downwardly and upwardlyextending zig-zag water passages having elongated interjacent portions,said member also forming a duct connecting the lower openings of saidwater passages, the downwardly eX tending 01": said passages beinglocated above the other, an elongated casing, bathing means associatedwith said member extending longitudinally of said casing spaced fromalternately opposite ends thereof and disposed above said interjacentportions respectively, and heating means below said passages.

20. A water heater comprising an elongated casing, a set of superposedwater passages in series communication with each other and inclinedalternately in opposite directions longitudinally of said casing, saidset having an upper inlet end and a lower discharge end, a second set ofwater passages similarly arranged below the first, said second sethaving an inlet below and an upper outlet, a duct connecting thedischarge end of the upper set with the inlet end of the lower set,heating means below said sets of passages, and means forming inconjunction with said casing a zig-za flue passage having longitudinallyextending interjacentportions in series communication with said heatingmeans.

Signed by me, this 10th day of April,

FREDERICK D. SCHNEIDER. 'Attested by H. F. LEICK,

L. E. MUnLLER.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G.

